With the growing adoption of 4G and 5G, mobile network operators (MNOs) are switching off their 2G, 3G, or both networks to free up resources, reassign spectrum, save costs, and reduce complexity, as the cost of operating all four networks simultaneously is extremely high. However, some MNOs are still retaining their 2G network to support machine-to-machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, so are switching off their 3G before their 2G.

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